What is Dementia - Alzheimer’s Disease?

Dementia is the progressive deterioration of the cognitive function of the brain. The most well-known type of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease. Because the only positive diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease comes from the analysis of changes within the brain, it cannot be diagnosed until an autopsy is performed after the patient’s death. Dementia, however, can be diagnosed while patients are living. Dementia is not a disease; it describes a group of symptoms. The symptoms can include confusion, impaired memory and orientation, limitations in concentration, planning and judgment, and personality changes.

Often, when a person is first experiencing problems with forgetfulness or other signs of dementia, they may try to hide these symptoms. A person may be embarrassed or trying to deny what they are experiencing. Be observant and persistent if you feel that a loved one is having difficulties which may require more attention. It is important to inform all persons interacting with the individual of any changes the person is experiencing and how to best address them.

What should the Caregiver do?

When caring for a person with Dementia it is important to take precautions to ensure their safety and avoid accidents. Simple tasks, such as driving a car, may be forgotten or become more difficult as the dementia progresses. Developing safety measures, taking extra precautions and making changes to the environment to keep the person from avoidable dangers is advised. Clutter will also increase the chances of an accident, so keeping a clean home environment is also helpful.

In addition to accidents that can happen around the home, there are also risks outside of the house. For example, wandering (disorientation and confusion) is a common and very serious problem that many dementia patients face. Many dementia patients make simple mistakes in their regular routine, such as making a wrong turn, which creates confusion and they end up getting lost. Wandering is more common when the patient has recently moved or is in an unfamiliar environment. To avoid or prevent wandering try to find the cause. Is it just a wrong turn or is the person unaware of their surroundings? When you have determined why the person is getting lost or wandering then the most efficient care plan can be worked out.

Caring for someone with Dementia can be stressful and overwhelming. It is important to take care of yourself and accept help. Talk to your loved one’s physician to find out what treatments/medications might help control symptoms and problematic behavior. It may also be helpful to find a support group of peers who can relate and understand your situation.

For more information on Dementia – Alzheimer’s Disease

Dementia.com

National Institute on Aging

Alzheimer’s Association